The Mission of Jesus Christ in the UN Jesus Sione Three Chram star Golden Cristal+ - Дорогие друзьяJesus Sione Three Chram сретение сущ ср Candlemas star Jepiskop Pontiff 1 поздравляем всех вас с праздником Сретением Господним! - Новости

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Дорогие друзьяJesus Sione Three Chram сретение сущ ср Candlemas star...

включенный прич

included JESUS SOBOR SIONE JERUSALEM DEAR FRIENDS DEAR BRUDERS DEAR SISTERS DEAR KIDS MESSADGE WORLD GOSPEL JESUS CHRISTIANITY NATIONE +MASS MEDIA GURNALISTCS+Флаг Эмблема

Девиз: «Brunei Darussalam

(малайский: Бруней — обитель мира); второй девиз: «Всегда служить под водительством Бога JESUS CHRIST»»Love — то самое великое слово — «любовь». JESUS NATIONE+Дата независимости 1 января 1984 года (от Великобритании)

Гимн: «Allah, Peliharakan Sultan»

(внесенный)Jesus Sione Three Chram star Jepiskop Pontiff 1

включенный причOXFORD KEMBRIDG HARWARD MOSKOW LOMONOSOW UNIVERSITY YALE LAW ECONOMIC

Цитировать

Baby! Малыш,! Малышка! Babe! Малыш, Малышка, Крошка Bunny! Кролик!, Зайчик! Sugar ! Милый! Милая!

Jesus Sione Three Chram star Jepiskop Pontiff 1 SerzhYakunoffSweetheart (дорогой, любимый; дорогая, любимая)

Когда уйдём со школьного двора https://youtu.be/ с помощью @YouTube

incorporated, integrated

(объединенный)

involved благословение сущ ср

blessing, benediction, blessed

(благодать, благословенный)

bless 25. And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him.

Иисус Христос сущ

Jesus Christ Свстреча сущ ж

meeting, rendezvous

(совещание, сближение)

meet

(выполнить)

encounter

(контакт) имеон сущ м

Simeon изменив дееприч

by changing, by modifying

(изменяя)

изменить гл

transform, change, modify, alter, resize, shift, reshape

(преобразовать, изменять, перенести)

edit

(редактировать жизнь сущ ж

life, existence, lifetime

(быт, существование, продолжительность жизни)

living

(проживание)

being, time

(существо)

26. And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord's Christ.

27. And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,

28. Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said,

29. Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:

30. For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,

31. Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;

32. A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.

33. And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.

34. And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;

35. (Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.

36. And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;

37. And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

38. And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem.

39. And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.

40. And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. Евангелие от Луки глава 2-25:40 25 Тогда был в Иерусалиме человек,именем Симеон.Он был муж праведный и благочестивый,чающий утешения Израилева; и Дух Святой был на нем.26 Ему было предсказано Духом Святым,что он не увидит смерти,доколе не увидит Христа Господня.27 И пришел он по вдохновению в храм.И,когда родители принесли Младенца Иисуса,чтобы совершить над Ним законный обряд,28 он взял Его на руки,благословил Бога и сказал:29 Ныне отпускаешь раба Твоего,Владыко,по слову Твоему,с миром,30 ибо видели очи мои спасение Твое,31 которое Ты уготовал пред лицом всех народов,32 свет к просвещению язычников и славу народа Твоего Израиля.33 Иосиф же и Матерь Его дивились сказанному о Нем.34 И благословил их Симеон и сказал Марии,Матери Его:се,лежит Сей на падение и на восстание многих в Израиле и в предмет пререканий,-35 и Тебе Самой пройдет душу,-да откроются помышления многих сердец.36 Тут была также Анна пророчица,дочь Фануилова,от колена Асирова,достигшая глубокой старости,прожив с мужем от девства своего семь лет,37 вдова лет восьмидесяти четырех,которая не отходила от храма,постом и молитвою служа Богу день и ночь.38 И она в то время,подойдя.славила Господа и говорила о Нем всем,ожидавшим избавления в Иерусалиме.39 И когда они совершили все по закону Господню,возвратились в Галилею,в город свой Назарет.40 Младенец же возрастал и укреплялся духом исполняясь премудрости,и благодать Божия была на Нем. DEAR KIDS ЭТО ПРАЗДНИК КОГДА в середине нареч

in the middle, in middle, in the center, at the middle

(в центре, на середине)

in the midst

(в разгар)

by the middlThe 17th CENTURYe благословенный прич

blessed

(блаженный)

благословенный прил

blessed

(блаженный)

blissful

(блаженный)

(к середине) зима сущ ж

winter, wintertimeвключенный прич ЕГО ДЕТИ БЫЛИ УЖЕ ВЗРОСЛЫМИ OXFORD KEMBRIDG HARWARD MOSKOW LOMONOSOW UNIVERSITY YALE LAW ECONOMIC ПРИСЫЛАЛИ ЕМУ ОТКРЫТКИ НА ПРАЗДНИКИ ЛЕТОМ ПРЕЗЖАЛИ К НЕМУ ДОМОЙ НА КАНИКУЛЫ ПОМАГАЛИ ЕМУ.

(зимовка, зимнее время) БЫЛО В Бруне́й,НА ОСТРОВАХ ВЕСНА В ТЕПЛЫХ СТРАНАХ НАСТУПАЕТ РАНО!еврей сущ м KIDS JACOB ВЫРОСЛИ УЧИЛИСЬ

Jew, Hebrew, jewish, israelite

(иудей, иврит, иудаизм)

евреи сущ м

Jewryдети сущ м

children

ребенок сущ м приезжать гл к (ко) предл

toward, near, in, into, unto, against

(о)он мест

he, it

atна предл

upon, onto, over, toward

(по направлению к)

at, atopканикулы сущ ж

vacation, holiday

(отдых, праздник)

recess

(выемка)

break

(перерывприсылать гл

send, submitоткрытка сущ ж

postcard

(почтовая открытка)

card

postal

(почтовый) ГОСТИ ПРИХОДИЛИ К НЕМУ ПОМАГАЛИ гости сущ ммн

company

гость сущ м

guest, visitor

(посетитель)

visit

(визит)приходить гл

come, arrive

(прийти, прибыть)

(быть)

reach

(дойти)

(отправлять, подать)помогать гл

help, assist, aid, support, benefit

(помочь, поддерживать)

helpful

(помочь)

serveприсылать гл

send, submit

(отправлять, подат открытка сущ ж

postcard

(почтовая открытка)

card

postal

(почтовый)

(служить)

with

(с применением)

with

come, arrive, go

(приходить, приехать, идти)

child, kid, baby, infant, youngster

(дитя, малыш, младенец, подросток)

(еврейство) КлИаков сущ м

Jacobоткрыть глаза гл

open his eyes, open her eyes, open my eyes, open eyes, open your eyes

(открывать глаза) Как прекрасна наша жизнь!

How beautiful It's beautiful, life ярко нареч

bright

(яркий)

brightly, brilliantly

(светло, блестяще)

glaringlyСветило солнце.

The sun was shining.

Светило солнце, и было довольно тепло.

The sun was shining and it was fairly warm.

(ослепительно)

open its eyesHe reflected, and said he would send them the next morning.

Подумав, он сказал, что пришлет их завтра утром. как прекрасный прил

how beautiful, how wonderful

(как красивый, насколько замечательный) имат Брунея

Показатель Янв. Фев. Март Апр. Май Июнь Июль Авг. Сен. Окт. Нояб. Дек. Год

Абсолютный максимум, °C 34,1 36,7 37,1 37,8 36,6 36,2 36,2 37,6 36,0 35,3 34,9 34,2 37,8

Средний максимум, °C 30,2 30,5 31,6 32,2 32,2 32,2 32,0 32,2 31,8 31,4 31,3 30,9 31,5

Средняя температура, °C 26,8 26,9 27,5 27,9 27,9 27,6 27,4 27,5 27,3 27,0 27,0 26,9 27,3

Средний минимум, °C 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 24,4 24,0 23,7 23,8 23,7 23,6 23,7 23,7 23,9

Абсолютный минимум, °C 19,0 20,0 21,0 21,0 21,0 20,0 19,9 19,8 20,8 21,0 20,8 20,0 19,0

Норма осадков, мм 333 180 133 237 251 195 251 243 286 314 337 367 3126

Источник: «Погода и Климат»

полная официальная форма — Госуда́рство Бруне́й-Даруссала́м[1] (малайск. Brunei Darussalam, джави:نڬارا بروني دارالسلام‎, в переводе означает Бруней — обитель мира) — государство (султанат) в Юго-Восточной Азии, на северо-западном берегу острова Калимантан[8]. Омывается Южно-Китайским морем. Граничит с Малайзией. Площадь —с весны нареч

from spring, since spring, in the spring, from the spring

(от весны, начиная с весны, на весну, из источника) 5,8 тыс. км². Численность населения — 401 890[9]. Столица — Бандар-Сери-Бегаван. Входит в Содружество наций.ЭТО ПРАЗДНИК ГДЕ ЗИМА ВСТРЕЧАЕТСЯ С ЛЕТОМ!winter meeting НАЧИНАЕТ БРАТЬ ВЕРХ ВЕСНА!с весны нареч

from spring, since spring, in the spring, from the spring ЭТО ЗНАЧИТ ВСЕ СКОРО ВСЕ ЗАЗЕЛЕНЕТ ПРИБЛИЖАЕТСЯ ВЕСЬ МИР К СВЕТЛОМУ ХРИСТОВУ ВОСКРЕСЕНИЮ И РАДОСТНОЙ ВЕЧНОЙ И СВЯТОЙ ЖИЗНИ С ИИСУСОМ ХРИСТОМ В ЕГО ЦАРСТВИИ СО ВСЕМИ СВЯТЫМИ И ПРАВЕДНЫМИ!

(от весны, начиная с весны, на весну, из источника)ИЗ ТЕПЛЫХ СТРАН МИРА ПТИЦЫ ВОЗРАШАЮТСЯ В ХОЛОДНЫЕ СТРАНЫ!from warm countries в холодной нареч

in cold, in the cold

(в холоде)

в холодном нареч

in cold

(в холоде) возвращаться гл

return, revert

(вернуться)

back, come back

(вернуться)

recur

(повторять) перелетный прил м

migratory

(мигрирующий) пернатый прил

feathery, feathered

(перистый)

bird

(птичий)в молодости нареч

in his youth, in youth, in my youth, in a youth, in her youth, in their youth

(в юности)иаков сущ м

jamesпосвятить гл

give

(отдать)

devote, spend

(посвящать, провести)

consecrate, ordainсвой мест

my, your, her, its, our, their, one's

(мой, твой, ее, наш, их)

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs

(мой, твой, его, ее, наш, их)

homegrown

(домашний)

(освятить, рукоположить)жизнедеятельность сущ ж

vital activity, life activity, ability to live

(жизненная активность)

life, living

(жизнь)

vital ии сущ ср

artificial intelligence

(искусственный интеллект)

ais -666-

Иаков сущ м

Jacob Иисус Христос сущпоступить гл

enrol

(записаться)

do, come

(сделать, прийти)

act

(действовать)

Jesus Christ сдать экзамен гл

pass the exam, pass examination, pass the examination, take the exam, pass an examination

(сдавать экзамен, выдержать экзамен)

сдать экзамены глединый государственный экзамен сущ

unified state examination, unified state exam

(егэ)

uniform graduation examination, single state examination

pass exams Держу пари ты сдала на отлично.

I'll bet you did great.

СО СЛОВАМИ И РАДОСТЬЮ JAKOB ИИСУС ХРИСТОС Я ВЫПОЛНИЛ ТВОЮ МИССИЮ!ВRUDERS SISTER ПРИХОДИЛИ ПОСЕЩАЛИ ЕГО ИЗ ЦЕРКВИ!DEAR FIENDS DEAR BRUDERS DEAR SISTERS НА СРЕТЕНИЕ ОН УМЕР С НАДЕЖДОЙ НА ВЕЛИКУЮ ВСТРЕЧУ С ИИСУСОМ ХРИСТОМ ЭТО СТАЛ ДЛЯ НЕГО САМЫМ ЛУЧШИМ ДНЕМ В ЕГО ЖИЗНИ!ВRUDERS SISTERS FRIENDS NATIONE WORLD ДОЛЖНЫ ПОМНИТЬ ДЛЯ ОДНИХ ЭТО БУДЕТ ВСТРЕЧА ВЕЧНОЙ ВЕСНЫ И РАДОСТИ ВЕЧНОЙ ДЛЯ ДРУГИХ ХОЛОДНАЯ ЗИМА ЗАБВЕНИЯ ОЖИДАНИЯ СТРАШНОГО И ВЕЛИКОГО СУДА GOD JESUS CHRIST!

Ты справишься с этим делом на отлично.с красным дипломом наречдолжный прил

due, proper

(надлежащий)

must

(обязательный)

should

with honors

(с отличием)для одного нареч

for one

(на один)

для одних нареч

for some

(для некоторых)это мест

that

этот мест

this

with red diplomaзакончить гл

concludeсретение сущ срвесь мест

throughout

all

(любой)

whole, entireмир сущ м

world

(планета)

peace, quiet

(покой)

universe

(вселенная)

Candlemasвесна сущ ж

spring, springtime

(источник, весенняя пора)весенний период сущвечный прил

eternal, perpetual, immortal, undying

(извечный, постоянный, бессмертный, неумирающий)

everlasting, eternity

(бесконечный, вечность)

timeless, ageless

(неподвластный времени, нестареющий)

spring period

springtideвечная жизнь сущ

eternal life, everlasting life, life everlasting

(жизни вечной)

eternity

(вечность)для предл вечный прил

eternal, perpetual, immortal, undying

(извечный, постоянный, бессмертный, неумирающий)

everlasting, eternity

(бесконечный, вечность)

timeless, ageless

(неподвластный времени, нестареющий)

for, toсуд сущ м

court, tribunal, trial, courtroom

(корт, трибунал, испытание, зал суда)

judgment, judgement

(решение, суждение)

justice

(правосудие)

(ради, по отношению к)

(заключить)

terminate, stop

(прекратить)

finish, end, complete, end up

(завершить, заканчивать, оказаться)

with diploma Оксфорд сущ м

Oxfordзатем нареч

then, thereafter, later, subsequently, afterwards

(тогда, после этого, позже, впоследствии, потом)

(далее)Гарвардский университет сущ

Harvard University, Harvard

afterюридический факультет сущ

law faculty, faculty of law, department of law

(факультет права)

law school, law degree, school of law

(юридическая школа, юридическое образование, школа права)

juridical faculty, legal faculty

(после

(оксфордский университет) бизнес-школа сущ ж

business school, school of business

business-school

b-schoolходить гл

go, walk

(пойти, идти)

attend, visit

(посещать)

run

(бежать)

You're going to be great. ВОЗВРАШАЛСЯ ОН УЖЕ ТИХО ХОДИТЬ МОГ ТОЛЬКО С ПАЛОЧКОЙ НЕ ДАЛЕКО ТОЛЬКО ДО МАГАЗИНА УЖЕ ЖИЛ В МАЛЕНЬКОЙЙ КВАРТИРКЕ НА МАЛЕНЬКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ОТ ГОСУДАРСТВА.ходить гл В СЕРЕДИНЕ 17 BRUNEY век сущ м

century, age

(столетие, возраст)

time, epoch

(раз, эпоха)

веко сущ ср

eyelid, blepharon SERIA CONTRY объявление сущ ср

ad, advertisement, advertising

(реклама)

announcement, notification

(сообщение, уведомление)

declaration, proclamation, pronouncementнезависимо нареч

regardless, irrespective

(независимо от)

independently

(самостоятельно)от Великобритании наречАфрика сущ жAFRICA

African · African · African TOP WARN государственный переворот сущ

state coup

coup, putsch

(переворот, путч)денежная реформа сущ

monetary reform, currency reform

(валютная реформа)

money reform ДЕНЕЖНАЯ РЕФОРМА СЕРИЯ ВОЕННЫХ ПЕРЕВОРОТОВ В СЕРЕДИНЕ 17 ВЕКА В АФРИКЕ И НА ОСТРОВАХ ПРОВОЗГЛОШЕНИЕ НЕЗАВИСИМОМТИ ОТ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ ПРОИЗОШЛА ВСЕ ЕГО МНОГТРИЛИОННОЕ СОСТАЯНИЕ ДЕНЕГ ПРЕВРАТИЛОСЬ В ФАНТИКИ НИ КОМУ НЕ НУЖНЫЕ ЗА ОДНО МГНОВЕНИЕ,ВСЕ ЕГО ПЛАНТАЦИИ ЗАХВАТИЛИ ПОВСТАНЦЫ ПОСЕЛЕНЦЫ АФРИКАНЦЫ ИАКОВ БЫЛ САМЫМ БОГЫТЫМ ЧЕЛОВЕКОМ ВО ВСЕМ МИРЕ В СЕРЕДИНЕ 17 ВЕКА FRIENDS 50% ОТ ЧИСТОЙ ПРИБЫЛИ СВОЕГО BUSSNESS FRUIT COMPANY TROPIC AGRO NATURLA FRIUT AFRICAN PLANTACION OH ОДАВАЛ IN JESUS CHRIST GOSPEL CATOLIC ORTODOX JESUS CHURCH НА РАЗВИТИЕ ЕВАНГЕЛЬСКО ХРИСТИАНСКОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ В СТРАНАХ АФРИКИ И ИИСУС ХРИСТОС БЛАГОСЛОВЛЯЛ ЕГО У НЕГО БЫЛО МНОГО ПЛАНТАЦИЙ И РАБОВ НА ОСТРАВАХ КОТОРЫЕ НА ЕГО РАБОТАЛИ.ИАКОВ БЛАГОСЛОВЕННЫЙ ДЕДУШКА ЕВРЕЙ ИЗ РОДА ДАВИДОВА БЫЛ УСПЕШНЫМ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЕМ ТОРГОВАЛ СО ВСЕМ МИРОМ ЗА ЕГО ФРУКТАМИ ВЫСТРАИВАЛИСЬ ОЧЕРЕДИ INTERNATIONAL TRAIDE INDIA SHINA THE USA RUSIAN КОТОРЫМ КОНЕЦ НЕ БЫЛ ВИДЕН.покупать гл

buy, purchase, acquire

(купить, приобрести)

get

(получать)

state revolution BUY

buy · buy · buy * pay · receive · buy · buy · buy · buy * buy * buy * take · get · take · disassemble · tear · celebrate · sweep · make purchases · stock · barter

ante.

to sell · to sell · to resell · sell · lose · to sell

kind.

buying · buyer · bidder · customer · purchase · purchasing · purc

Africa

from the UK, from great Britain, from Britain

(из великобритании)

whether

(декларация, провозглашение, заявление)

go, walk

(пойти, идти)Словарь

магазин сущ м

shop, store, shopping, boutique, retailer

(лавка, хранилище, покупка, бутик, ритейлер)

magazine

(журнал)

outlet

attend, visit

(посещать)мало нареч

little, few

(маленький, несколько)

poorly

(плохо)

маленький прил

small, short

(небольшой, короткий)с палочкой нареч

with a stick, with the wand

(с палкой)

с палочками нареч

with chopsticks, with sticks

(с палками)

runжить гл

live, dwell, reside

(проживать, обитать)

living, sojourn

beмаленький прил

small, short

(небольшой, короткий)

little, tiny

(небольшой, крошечный)

less

(менее)

(быть)пособие сущ ср

benefit, allowance, stipend

(выгода, стипендия)

grant

(грант)

textbook, tutorial

(учебник)

(бежать)пенсия сущ ж

pension, retirement, annuity

(пансион, выход на пенсию, аннуитет)

retiredpensions the state

(пенсионер)жена сущ ж

wife, spouse

(супруга, супруг)

lady

(женщина)

squawумереть гл

die, pass away

(погибнуть, скончаться)

succumb

(поддаться)

away

(уйти)

(индианка)store supermarket · Department store · hypermarket · supermarket * deli · passage · grocery · Gostiny Dvor · row · prodmag · Megamall · shop · workshop · auto shop · pet store · pastry shop · photo store · retail space · shop · store * selmag · warehouse · stack · labaz · camera

kind.после предл

after, on, since, following, beyond

(за, вслед)

behind

(за)

после нареч

later, then, afterwards, after

(позже, затем, потом)окончание сущ ср

end, ending

(конец)

completion, termination, conclusion

(завершение, прекращение)

graduation

(выпуск)

shop · shop · shop · shopping · store ВRUDERS SISTERS DEAR FRIENDSзарегистрированный прич

registered, recorded

(регистрируемый, записанный)

record

(рекордный)

filed

(поданный)небольшой прил

small

(малый)

little, tiny, insignificant, modest, short, few

(маленький, незначительный, скромный, короткий)

slight, minor, moderate, meagre

(незначительный, умеренный, скудный)предпринимательство сущ ср

business, entrepreneurship, enterprise

(бизнес, предприимчивость, предприятие)

enterprising, entrepreneurial

(предприимчивость)

business undertakingпредпринимательница сущ ж

businesswoman

(предприниматель)апк сущ м

aic, apc

(аис, арс)

agrarian, agribusiness, agricultural sector

(аграрий, агробизнес, сельскохозяйственный сектор)

agricultural complex, agribusiness industry

(агропромышленный комплекс)растение сущ ср

plant, crop

(урожай)

herb

(трава)

grower

(производитель)фруктовый прил

fruit

(плодовый)

fruity

(сочный)SELF MENEDGMENT CANDIDATE DEVELOPMENT AFRICANISHE+AGRO NATURAL PRODUCT SELF-ANTI-666-потом нареч

then, afterwards, later, subsequently

(затем, впоследствии, позже)

after

(после)

(далее)Most related words

SYN.

more · more · more · more than · more · in most cases · stronger · increasingly · more · greater · more · first of all · larger · mostly · mostly · mostly · mostly · preferably · odd · odd · odd · cleaner · cleaner · above · worse · worse · as · many · as · many · most · a number · a number · a myriad · multi · lot more · galaxy · a lot · a lot · weight · pile · a lot · a heap · a lot · Orava · flow · pile · mass · much · full · a lot · a lot · of power · in bulk · very * where * noticeably · fairly * palpably · profusely · excessively · over the edge · sensitively · abundance

ante.

less · less · less · below · down · a little · some · a little · small · small · small · small · small · tiny · compact · miniature · tiny · slightest · insignificant · small · small · pathetic · few · less · less · less · more than

kind.

greater · greater · greater · more

Dictionary

more adverbs

more, anymore, over

(more)

again

many predicates плантация сущ ж

plantation

(насаждение)поселение сущ ср

settlement

(поселок)

colony

(колония)

settleчистая прибыль сущ

net profit, net income, clear profit

(чистый доход)

net gain, net earnings

(чистый доход)

earningsизвлекать гл

extract, retrieve, draw, remove, fetch, eject

(извлечь, удалить, принести)

take

(брать)

derive

(получать)200%300%400%500%

(прибыль) импорт сущ м

import

(импортирование)

importation

(ввоз)export [ˈekspɔːt] сущ

экспортм, объем экспорта

(exporting, export volume)

вывозм

(removal)

экспортный товар, статья экспортамеждународный прил

international, multinational

(интернациональный, многонациональный)

internationally

(на международном уровне)

(export goods, export item)

(урегулирование)торговая деятельность сущ

trading activity, trade activity, commercial activity

(торговая активность, внешнеторговая деятельность, коммерческая деятельностьрастениеводство сущ ср

plant growing

crop production, plant cultivation

(продукция растениеводства)

plant production, plant breedingблагоприятный прил

favorableamer, favourablebrit, beneficial, profitable

(выгодный)

good, positive

(хороший, положительный)

auspicious, propitious, opportune

(подходящий)для выращивания нареч

for cultivation, for growing, for the cultivation

(для возделывания, для культивирования)

for cultivating

for breeding

(для разведения)

(селекция)тропический прил

tropical

(жаркий)фрукт сущ м

fruitThe FRUIT of sin.

fruit * melon · cherry · pomegranate · piece

kind.

fructose · piece of fruit · Fruktovy · fruitпредпринимательская деятельность сущ

entrepreneurial activity, business activity, enterprise activity, commercial activity

(предпринимательская активность, коммерческая деятельность, деятельность предприятия)

entrepreneurship activity

entrepreneur activity

(плод)

tropicостров сущ м студент сущ м

student, undergraduate

(учащийся, старшекурсник)

classman

island, Isle

(островок)ISLANDS

land · plot · land · Honshu · Hainan · Fiji · Samoa · Madeira · Greenland · Jamaica · Haiti · Vancouver · Gotland · Atoll · Lemnos · new Guinea · South island · new Zealand · Taimyr · new Caledonia · Antigua · Capri · Sulawesi · Guadeloupe · reunion · Mallorca

kind.школьник сущ м

schoolchild, schoolboy, school child

(учащийся, ученик, ребенок школьного возраста)

school student, school pupil, high school student, school kid

(учащийся школы, ученик школы, старшеклассник)начинать гл

begin, commence, initiate, launch, start, embark, trigger

(начать, запускать)

get, become

(получать, стать)

open

(открыватьпроект сущ м

project, draft, design

(объект, законопроект, дизайн)

plan, scheme

(план, схема)

projection

(прогноз)PROJECT plan · design · bill · program · option · idea · drawing · initiative · enterprise · scheme · goal · idea · calculation · intention · intent · editorial · reading · draft · draft version · outline · investment project · project · megaproject · photo project · advance project

kind.

design · designer · design · projection · projector · project · design · projective · project · project · project

the island · the island on the islandList of sovereign states

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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"List of nations" and "List of countries" redirect here. For other country lists, see Lists of countries and territories. For non-sovereign dependencies, see Dependent territory.

The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world, with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.

The 206 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations system: 193 member states,[1] two observer states and 11 other states. The sovereignty dispute column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (190 states) and states having disputed sovereignty (16 states, of which there are six member states, one observer state and nine other states).

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognised as having de facto status as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.

Contents

1 List of states

2 Criteria for inclusion

3 See also

4 Notes

5 References

6 Bibliography

List of states[edit]

Common and formal names Membership within the UN System[a] Sovereignty dispute[b] Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[d]

↓ UN member states and observer states ↓

Abkhazia → Abkhazia

Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan UN member state None

Albania – Republic of Albania UN member state None

Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria UN member state None

Andorra – Principality of Andorra UN member state None Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[2] who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See.

Angola – Republic of Angola UN member state None

Antigua and Barbuda UN member state None Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[e] with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.[f]

Argentina – Argentine Republic[g] UN member state None Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city.

Armenia – Republic of Armenia UN member state Not recognised by Pakistan. Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.[4][5][6]

Artsakh → Artsakh

Australia – Commonwealth of Australia UN member state None Australia is a Commonwealth realm[e] and a federation of six states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are:

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Australian Antarctic Territory

Christmas Island

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Norfolk Island

Austria – Republic of Austria UN member state None Member of the European Union.[c] Austria is a federation of nine states.

Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan UN member state None Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan [f] The de facto state of Artsakh has been established in the southwest of Azerbaijan.

Bahamas, The – Commonwealth of The Bahamas[8] UN member state None The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain UN member state None

Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh UN member state None

Barbados UN member state None Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Belarus – Republic of Belarus UN member state None

Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions.

Belize UN member state None Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Benin – Republic of Benin UN member state None

Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan UN member state None

Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia UN member state None

Bosnia and Herzegovina UN member state None Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent units:

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republika Srpska

and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative unit.[9]

Botswana – Republic of Botswana UN member state None

Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil UN member state None Brazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district.

Brunei – Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace UN member state None

Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Burkina Faso UN member state None

Burma → Myanmar

Burundi – Republic of Burundi UN member state None

Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia UN member state None

Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon UN member state None

Canada[h] UN member state None Canada is a Commonwealth realm[e] and a federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories.

Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo Verde[i] UN member state None

Central African Republic UN member state None

Chad – Republic of Chad UN member state None

Chile – Republic of Chile UN member state None

China – People's Republic of China[j] UN member state Partially unrecognised. Claimed by the Republic of China China contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.[f] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:

Hong Kong

Macau

China claims, but does not control Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.[k]

China is not recognised by 15 UN member states and the Holy See, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise Taiwan instead.[l]

China, Republic of → Taiwan

Colombia – Republic of Colombia UN member state None

Comoros – Union of the Comoros UN member state None Comoros is a federation of 3 islands.[m]

Congo, Democratic Republic of the[n] UN member state None

Congo, Republic of the[o] UN member state None

Cook Islands → Cook Islands

Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica UN member state None

Côte d'Ivoire → Ivory Coast

Croatia – Republic of Croatia UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Cuba – Republic of Cuba UN member state None

Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus UN member state Not recognised by Turkey[12] Member of the EU.[c] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus.

Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.

Czech Republic[p] UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Democratic People's Republic of Korea → Korea, North

Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories:

Faroe Islands

Greenland

The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.[q] The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.[13][14]

Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti UN member state None

Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica UN member state None

Dominican Republic UN member state None

East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste[r] UN member state None

Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador UN member state None

Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt UN member state None

El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador UN member state None

Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea UN member state None

Eritrea – State of Eritrea UN member state None

Estonia – Republic of Estonia UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Eswatini – Kingdom of Eswatini[s] UN member state None

Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia UN member state None Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.

Fiji – Republic of Fiji UN member state None Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.[f][15][16]

Finland – Republic of Finland UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.[f][t]

France – French Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] France contains five overseas regions/departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of:

Clipperton Island

French Polynesia

New Caledonia

Saint Barthélemy

Saint Martin

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Wallis and Futuna

Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Gabon – Gabonese Republic UN member state None

Gambia, The – Republic of The Gambia[17] UN member state None

Georgia UN member state None Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[f] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.

Germany – Federal Republic of Germany UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] Germany is a federation of 16 states.

Ghana – Republic of Ghana UN member state None

Greece – Hellenic Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.[18]

Grenada UN member state None Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala UN member state None

Guinea – Republic of Guinea[u] UN member state None

Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau UN member state None

Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana UN member state None

Haiti – Republic of Haiti UN member state None

Holy See → Vatican City

Honduras – Republic of Honduras UN member state None

Hungary UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Iceland[v] UN member state None

India – Republic of India UN member state None India is a federation of 28 states and 9 union territories.

Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia UN member state None Indonesia has five autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.[f]

Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran UN member state None

Iraq – Republic of Iraq UN member state None Iraq is a federation[m][22] of 19 governorates, five of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.[f]

Ireland[w] UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Israel – State of Israel UN member state Partially unrecognised Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem,[24] an annexation not recognised by the international community.[25] Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law.[26][27][28][29][30]

Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, which enjoys majority recognition as sole representative of the Palestinian people, also does not recognise Israel.

Italy – Italian Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[f]

Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire[x] UN member state None

Jamaica UN member state None Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Japan UN member state None

Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan UN member state None

Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan UN member state None

Kenya – Republic of Kenya UN member state None

Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati UN member state None

Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea UN member state Claimed by South Korea North Korea is not recognised by three UN members, France, Japan, and South Korea, the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.[31]

Korea, South – Republic of Korea UN member state Claimed by North Korea South Korea has 1 autonomous region, Jejudo.[f][32]

South Korea is not recognised by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

Kosovo → Kosovo

Kuwait – State of Kuwait UN member state None

Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic UN member state None

Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic UN member state None

Latvia – Republic of Latvia UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Lebanon – Lebanese Republic UN member state None

Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho UN member state None

Liberia – Republic of Liberia UN member state None

Libya – State of Libya UN member state None

Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein UN member state None

Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Macedonia → North Macedonia

Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar UN member state None

Malawi – Republic of Malawi UN member state None

Malaysia – Federation of Malaysia UN member state None Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.

Maldives – Republic of Maldives UN member state None

Mali – Republic of Mali UN member state None

Malta – Republic of Malta UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania UN member state None

Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius UN member state None Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[f]

Mexico – United Mexican States UN member state None Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city.

Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.

Moldova – Republic of Moldova UN member state None Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state.

Monaco – Principality of Monaco UN member state None

Mongolia UN member state None

Montenegro UN member state None

Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco UN member state None Part of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique UN member state None

Myanmar – Republic of the Union of Myanmar[y] UN member state None

Nagorno-Karabakh → Artsakh

Namibia – Republic of Namibia UN member state None

Nauru – Republic of Nauru UN member state None

Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal UN member state None Nepal is a federation composed of 7 provinces.

Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy:

Aruba

Curaçao

Netherlands

Sint Maarten

The continental part of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other territories (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of the continental Netherlands.[z] The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.

New Zealand UN member state None New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,[e] and has the dependent territories of:

Ross Dependency

Tokelau

New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:

Cook Islands

Niue

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 49 and 18 UN members respectively.[33][34][35] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[36] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.

Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua UN member state None Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[f]

Niger – Republic of Niger UN member state None

Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria UN member state None Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.

Niue → Niue

North Korea → Korea, North

North Macedonia – Republic of North Macedonia[aa] UN member state None

Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus

Norway – Kingdom of Norway UN member state None

Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.

Jan Mayen is an island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.

Norway has the dependent territories of:

Bouvet Island

Peter I Island

Queen Maud Land

Oman – Sultanate of Oman UN member state None

Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan UN member state None Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and 1 capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,[37][38] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[39][40] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:

Azad Kashmir

Gilgit Baltistan

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[41][42][43] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.[42][44][45]

Palau – Republic of Palau UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Palestine – State of Palestine UN observer state; member of 2 UN specialized agencies Partially unrecognised. Disputed by Israel The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel and has received diplomatic recognition from 138 states.[46] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.[47] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[48] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[49] UNIDO, and an observer state in the UN.

Panama – Republic of Panama UN member state None

Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea UN member state None Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[e] with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.[f]

Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay UN member state None

Peru – Republic of Peru UN member state None

Philippines – Republic of the Philippines UN member state None The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.[f]

Poland – Republic of Poland UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Portugal – Portuguese Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.[f]

Pridnestrovie → Transnistria

Qatar – State of Qatar UN member state None

Republic of Korea → Korea, South

Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the

Romania UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Russia – Russian Federation UN member state None Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[f]

Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda UN member state None

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis UN member state None Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[e] and is a federation[m] of two islands, St. Kitts and Nevis.

Saint Lucia UN member state None Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines UN member state None Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Samoa – Independent State of Samoa UN member state None

San Marino – Republic of San Marino UN member state None

São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe UN member state None São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.[f]

Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia UN member state None

Senegal – Republic of Senegal UN member state None

Serbia – Republic of Serbia UN member state None Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[f] The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo.

Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles UN member state None

Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone UN member state None

Singapore – Republic of Singapore UN member state None

Slovakia – Slovak Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Solomon Islands UN member state None The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia UN member state None Somalia has two self-declared autonomous regions, Puntland and Galmudug, while the territory of Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state.

Somaliland → Somaliland

South Africa – Republic of South Africa UN member state None

South Korea → Korea, South

South Ossetia → South Ossetia

South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan UN member state None South Sudan is a federation of 32 states.

The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.[50][51]

Spain – Kingdom of Spain UN member state None Member of the EU.[c] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 special autonomous cities.[f]

Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka[ab] UN member state None

Sudan – Republic of the Sudan UN member state None Sudan is a federation of 18 states.

Sudan, South → South Sudan

Suriname – Republic of Suriname UN member state None

Swaziland → Eswatini

Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden UN member state None Member of the EU.[c]

Switzerland – Swiss Confederation UN member state None Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.

Syria – Syrian Arab Republic UN member state None The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognised as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war.

Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: North and East Syria.

Taiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan

Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan UN member state None Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[f]

Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania UN member state None Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.[f]

Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand UN member state None

The Bahamas → Bahamas, The

The Gambia → Gambia, The

Timor-Leste → East Timor

Togo – Togolese Republic UN member state None

Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga UN member state None

Transnistria → Transnistria

Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago UN member state None Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.[f]

Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia UN member state None

Turkey – Republic of Turkey UN member state None

Turkmenistan – Republic of Turkmenistan UN member state None

Tuvalu UN member state None Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[e]

Uganda – Republic of Uganda UN member state None

Ukraine UN member state None Ukraine claims Crimea as an autonomous republic, however it has been annexed by Russia.

United Arab Emirates UN member state None The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.

United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UN member state None The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[e] consisting of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:

Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Anguilla

Bermuda

British Indian Ocean Territory

British Virgin Islands

Cayman Islands

Falkland Islands

Gibraltar

Montserrat

Pitcairn Islands

Flag of Saint Helena.svg Flag of Ascension Island.svg Flag of Tristan da Cunha.svg Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Turks and Caicos Islands

British Antarctic Territory

The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:

Guernsey

Isle of Man

Jersey

United States – United States of America UN member state None The United States is a federation of 50 states, 1 federal district, and 1 incorporated territory. Additionally, the Federal government of the United States has sovereignty over thirteen unincorporated territories. Of these territories the following are inhabited possessions:

American Samoa

Guam

Northern Mariana Islands

Puerto Rico

U.S. Virgin Islands

It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:

Baker Island

Howland Island

Jarvis Island

Johnston Atoll

Kingman Reef

Midway Atoll

Navassa Island

Wake Island

It also disputes sovereignty over the following territories:

Bajo Nuevo Bank

Serranilla Bank

Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:

Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands

Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia

Palau – Republic of Palau

Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay UN member state None

Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan UN member state None Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[f]

Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu UN member state None

Vatican City – Vatican City State UN observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA None Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to 183 states. This figure consists of 180 UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.[52] In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[48] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.

Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela UN member state None Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies.

Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam UN member state None

Yemen – Republic of Yemen UN member state None

Zambia – Republic of Zambia UN member state None

Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe UN member state None

↑ UN member states and observer states ↑

↓ Other states ↓

Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia No membership Claimed by Georgia Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[53] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

Artsakh – Republic of Artsakh[ac] No membership Claimed by Azerbaijan A de facto independent state,[54][55][56] recognised only by Abkhazia,[57] South Ossetia[57] and Transnistria.[57][58] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[59]

Cook Islands Member of eight UN specialized agencies None

(See political status) A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with 52 states. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[36] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo Member of two UN specialized agencies Partially recognized. Claimed by Serbia Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.[60] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 112 UN member states and the Republic of China, while 11 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.

Niue Member of five UN specialized agencies None

(See political status) A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with 20 states. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[36] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus No membership Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[61]

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic No membership Claimed by Morocco Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 43 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian–African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.

Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland No membership Claimed by Somalia A de facto independent state,[54][62][63][64][65] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[66]

South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania No membership Claimed by Georgia A de facto independent state,[67] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[68]

Taiwan – Republic of China[j] Former UN member (as Republic of China, 1945–1971)

Observer in one UN specialized agency under the name "Chinese Taipei" Claimed by the People's Republic of China A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[69] The ROC is recognised by 14 UN member states and the Holy See as of 20 September 2019. All these states do not recognise the PRC either. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognising either the ROC or the PRC.

The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.[k] The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership. The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations.

Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic No membership Claimed by Moldova A de facto independent state,[54] recognised only by Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.[53] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit.[70]

↑ Other states ↑

Legend "Membership within the UN System" column

UN Member states

UN Observer states

Member of a UN Specialized Agency

Observer in a UN Specialized Agency

No membership in the UN System

Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column

Undisputed sovereignty

Sovereignty disputed

Criteria for inclusion[edit]

The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".[71][improper synthesis?]

Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:

(a) consider themselves sovereign (through a declaration of independence or some other means) and are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood, or

(b) are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member state

Note that in some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed. Unique political entities which fail to meet the classification of a sovereign state are considered proto-states.[72][73]

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 206 entities:[74][ad]

203 states recognised by at least one UN member state

Two states that satisfy the declarative theory of statehood and are recognised only by non-UN member states: Artsakh, Transnistria

One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state: Somaliland

The table includes bullets representing entities which are either not sovereign states or have a close association to another sovereign state. It also includes subnational areas where the sovereignty of the titular state is limited by an international agreement. Taken together, these include:

States in a free association relationship to another state

Two entities controlled by Pakistan which are neither sovereign states, dependent territories, or part of another state: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan

Dependent territories of another state, as well as areas that exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories according to the dependent territory page

Subnational entities created by international agreements

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