The Mission of Jesus Christ in the UN Jesus Sione Three Chram star Golden Cristal+ - Lord modern metro 2217 Сleric polit - Проекты

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•the Christian religion(Christianity) the elective municipal posts filled as a result of municipal elections (deputies, members of elective local government, elective officials of local government), as well as the replaced on the basis of decisions of representative or other elected body of local government in respect of persons elected to the membership of these bodies as a result of municipal elections;polit Cleric 2217 participate in all elections for all elective public offices in all countries of the world cities districts on a level with all MPs of the parliamentary majority hold legitimate Constitutional reform winners Christianity, christian, christendom The Manager (from the English. manage klir polit 2217 student exceptionally well, casisa school Religious orientation political direction of the missionary who understands what his Leader Jesus Christ the faculty of the state management law Law Legal economy Moscow State University Oxfordshi University England Cambridge University, England, Harvard University working performs the task independently after... Читать дальше

(Christians)

Похожие слова

метро сущ

метрополитен · подземка · станция · подземный переход · подземная железная дорога

Словарь

новый прил

new, emerging, recent

(новенький, развивающийся, последний)

anothercyclowiki.org

›wiki/Метро

Метро (метрополитен) — преимущественно подземный вид рельсового городского транспорта. Отправной точкой в истории строительства метрополитена, стало изобретение в 1814 году английским инженером Марком Брюннелем...

Метрополитен — Википедия

ru.wikipedia.org

›Метрополитен

Метрополите́н, метро́ — в традиционном понимании городская железная дорога с курсирующими по ней маршрутными поездами для перевозки пассажиров...

(очередной)

fresh

(свежий)

novel

(роман)cyclowiki.org

›wiki/Метро

Метрополитен — Википедия

ru.wikipedia.org

›Метрополитен

modern

(современный)

young

(молодой)

original

(оригинальный)

emergent

(возникающий)

mint

метро сущ ср

metroМенеджер (от англ. manage «управлять») или управленец —руководитель, управляющий, начальник, директор. Основная задача управленцев — управление, включающее планирование, организацию собственност пожизненая, мотивацию и контроль проект значение государственный частный инвестиционый народный совместный , subway, underground

(метрополитен, подземка)

ЯндексПереводчик

construction

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строительство сущ

возведение · обустройство · постройка · здание · застройка · градостроительство · новостройка · устройство

стройка · строительная площадка

создание · конструирование · построение · формирование · образование · становление · составление · развертывание

изготовление · производство

капстроительство

машиностроение · инжиниринг · инженерия

организация · учреждение

Словарь

строительство сущ ср

construction, building

(сооружение, здание)

build

(построение)

engineering

(машиностроение)

Установите приложение на смартфон и работайте офлайн

Переводите в Яндекс.Браузере

Мобильная версияСообществоНовости сервисаРазработчикамПользовательское соглашениеО сервисеОбратная связь

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Антонимы

Родственные слова

основать гл

учредить · создать · построить · установить · образовать · выстроить · сформировать · обосновать

организовать · наладить · начать · устроить · развернуть · положить начало

найти · отыскать

Словарь

основать гл

found

(основывать)

base

(основываться)

start

(начать)

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Антонимы

Родственные слова

построить гл

строить · выстроить · отстроить · отгрохать · обстроить · проложить

возвести · соорудить · воздвигнуть · сконструировать · застроить · пристроить · вычертить

создать · основать · встроить · сформировать · образовать · учредить · составить · сотворить

устроить · организовать · наладить · провести · срубить

настроить · подстроить

Словарь

построить гл

build, construct, create, erect

(строить, создать, возвести)List of sovereign states

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"List of nations" and "List of countries" redirect here. For other country lists, see Lists of countries and territories. For non-sovereign dependencies, see Dependent territory.

This list of sovereign states provides an overview of sovereign states around the world, with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.

Membership within the United Nations system divides the 206 listed states into three categories: 193 member states,[1] two observer states, and 11 other states. The sovereignty dispute column indicates states whose sovereignty is undisputed (190 states) and states whose sovereignty is disputed (16 states, out of which there are 6 member states, 1 observer state and 9 other states).

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognized to have de facto status as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.

Contents

1 List of states

2 Criteria for inclusion

3 See also

4 Notes

5 References

6 Bibliography

List of states

Short and formal names Membership within the UN System [Note 1] Sovereignty dispute [Note 2] Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty [Note 3]

↓ UN member states and observer states ↓

Abkhazia → Abkhazia

Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan UN member state None

Albania – Republic of Albania UN member state None

Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria UN member state None

Andorra – Principality of Andorra UN member state None Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[2] who himself is appointed by the Holy See.

Angola – Republic of Angola UN member state None

Antigua and Barbuda UN member state None Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[Note 4] with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.[Note 5][3]

Argentina – Argentine Republic[Note 6] UN member state None Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city.

Armenia – Republic of Armenia UN member state Not recognized by Pakistan[4][5][6] See Armenia–Pakistan relations and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Australia – Commonwealth of Australia UN member state None Australia is a Commonwealth realm[Note 4] and a federation of six states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are:

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Australian Antarctic Territory

Christmas Island

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Norfolk Island

Austria – Republic of Austria UN member state None Member of the European Union.[a] Austria is a federation of nine states (Bundesländer).

Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan UN member state None Azerbaijan contains two autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[Note 5] The Republic of Artsakh, a de facto state, has been established in the latter.

Bahamas, The – Commonwealth of the Bahamas UN member state None The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain UN member state None

Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh UN member state None

Barbados UN member state None Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Belarus – Republic of Belarus UN member state None Belarus forms the Union State jointly with Russia.

Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions.

Belize UN member state None Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Benin – Republic of Benin[Note 7] UN member state None

Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan UN member state None

Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia UN member state None

Bosnia and Herzegovina UN member state None Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent units:

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republika Srpska

and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative unit.[8]

Botswana – Republic of Botswana UN member state None

Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil UN member state None Brazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district.

Brunei – Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace UN member state None

Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Burkina Faso[Note 8] UN member state None

Burma → Myanmar

Burundi – Republic of Burundi UN member state None

Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia UN member state None

Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon UN member state None

Canada[Note 9] UN member state None Canada is a Commonwealth realm[Note 4] and a federation of 10 provinces and three territories.

Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo Verde UN member state None

Central African Republic UN member state None

Chad – Republic of Chad UN member state None

Chile – Republic of Chile UN member state None Chile has two "special territories" in the Valparaíso Region: Easter Island and Juan Fernández Islands

China – People's Republic of China[Note 10] UN member state Partially unrecognized. Claimed by the Republic of China The People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.[Note 5] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:

Hong Kong

Macau

China claims, but does not control, Taiwan which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) claiming all of China as its territory.[Note 11]

China is not recognised by 21 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise Taiwan.[Note 12]

China controls part of the territory of Kashmir, which is disputed by India and Pakistan.

China, Republic of → Taiwan

Colombia – Republic of Colombia UN member state None

Comoros – Union of the Comoros UN member state None Comoros is a federation of 3 islands.[Note 13][9]

Congo, Democratic Republic of the[Note 14] UN member state None

Congo, Republic of the[Note 15] UN member state None

Cook Islands → Cook Islands

Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica UN member state None

Côte d'Ivoire → Ivory Coast

Croatia – Republic of Croatia UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Cuba – Republic of Cuba UN member state None

Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus UN member state Not recognized by Turkey[10] Member of the EU.[a] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as "The Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus".[11]

Czech Republic[Note 16] UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Democratic People's Republic of Korea → Korea, North

Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] The Kingdom of Denmark includes two self-governing territories:

Faroe Islands (Føroyar/Færøerne)

Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland)

The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom. The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.[citation needed] See Greenland Treaty.

Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti UN member state None

Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica UN member state None

Dominican Republic UN member state None

East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste[Note 17] UN member state None

Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador UN member state None

Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt UN member state None

El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador UN member state None

Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea UN member state None

Eritrea – State of Eritrea UN member state None

Estonia – Republic of Estonia UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia UN member state None Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.

Fiji – Republic of Fiji UN member state None Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.[Note 5][12][13]

Finland – Republic of Finland UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.[Note 5][Note 18]

France – French Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] France contains five overseas regions/departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of:

Clipperton Island

French Polynesia

New Caledonia

Saint Barthélemy

Saint Martin

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Wallis and Futuna

French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Gabon – Gabonese Republic UN member state None

Gambia, The – Republic of the Gambia UN member state None

Georgia UN member state None Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[Note 5] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.

Germany – Federal Republic of Germany UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] Germany is a federation of 16 federated states (Länder).

Ghana – Republic of Ghana UN member state None

Greece – Hellenic Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] Mount Athos is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational "Holy Community" on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.[14]

Grenada UN member state None Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala UN member state None

Guinea – Republic of Guinea[Note 19] UN member state None

Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau UN member state None

Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana UN member state None

Haiti – Republic of Haiti UN member state None

Holy See → Vatican City

Honduras – Republic of Honduras UN member state None

Hungary UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Iceland[Note 20] UN member state None

India – Republic of India UN member state None India is a federation of 29 states and seven union territories. India claims the entire territory of Kashmir as one of its states, but only exercises control over part of it, while the rest is controlled by the People's Republic of China and Pakistan.

Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia UN member state None Indonesia has five provinces with official special autonomy status: Aceh, Jakarta SCR, Yogyakarta SR, Papua, and West Papua.[Note 5]

Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran UN member state None

Iraq – Republic of Iraq UN member state None Iraq is a federation[Note 13][15] of 18 governorates, three of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.[Note 5]

Ireland[Note 21] UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Israel – State of Israel UN member state Partially unrecognized Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem,[17] an annexation not recognised by the international community.[18] Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law.[19][20][21][22][23] Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members (including most Arab states) nor by the SADR.

Italy – Italian Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] Italy has five autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[Note 5]

Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire UN member state None

Jamaica UN member state None Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Japan UN member state None

Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan UN member state None

Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan UN member state None

Kenya – Republic of Kenya UN member state None

Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati UN member state None

Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea UN member state Claimed by South Korea North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: Japan and South Korea.[Note 22][24]

Korea, South – Republic of Korea UN member state Claimed by North Korea South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, Jeju-do.[Note 5][25] South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.[Note 22]

Kosovo → Kosovo

Kuwait – State of Kuwait UN member state None

Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic UN member state None

Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic UN member state None

Latvia – Republic of Latvia UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Lebanon – Lebanese Republic UN member state None

Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho UN member state None

Liberia – Republic of Liberia UN member state None

Libya UN member state None Libya has one self-declared autonomous region: Cyrenaica[26]

Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein UN member state None

Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Macedonia – Republic of Macedonia UN member state None Because of the Macedonia naming dispute, the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".

Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar UN member state None

Malawi – Republic of Malawi UN member state None

Malaysia UN member state None Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.

Maldives – Republic of Maldives UN member state None

Mali – Republic of Mali UN member state None

Malta – Republic of Malta UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania UN member state None

Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius UN member state None Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[Note 5]

Mexico – United Mexican States UN member state None Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city.

Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.

Moldova – Republic of Moldova UN member state None Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state.

Monaco – Principality of Monaco UN member state None

Mongolia UN member state None

Montenegro UN member state None

Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco UN member state None Morocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique UN member state None

Myanmar – Republic of the Union of Myanmar[Note 23][27] UN member state None

Nagorno-Karabakh → Nagorno-Karabakh

Namibia – Republic of Namibia UN member state None

Nauru – Republic of Nauru UN member state None

Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal UN member state None Nepal is a federation composed of 14 zones.

Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy:

Aruba

Curaçao

the Netherlands

Sint Maarten

The continental part of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other territories (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of the continental Netherlands.

The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to the continental Netherlands or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.

New Zealand UN member state None New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,[Note 4] and has the dependent territories of:

Ross Dependency

Tokelau

New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:

Cook Islands

Niue

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 41 and with 19 UN members respectively.[28][29][30] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[31] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.

Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua UN member state None Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[Note 5]

Niger – Republic of Niger UN member state None

Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria UN member state None Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.

Niue → Niue

Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus

North Korea → Korea, North

Norway – Kingdom of Norway UN member state None

Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.

Jan Mayen is an island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.

Norway has the dependent territories of:

Bouvet Island

Peter I Island

Queen Maud Land

Oman – Sultanate of Oman UN member state None

Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan UN member state None Pakistan is a federation of four provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes the entire territory of Kashmir with India, and part of it with the People's Republic of China. It exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,[32][33] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[34][35] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:[Note 24]

Azad Kashmir

Gilgit Baltistan

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[36][37] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfill the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.[37][38][39]

Palau – Republic of Palau UN member state None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Palestine – State of Palestine UN observer state; member of one UN specialized agency Partially unrecognized. Disputed by Israel The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from 136 states.[40] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on much of the territory that it proclaimed.[41] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[42] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[43] and an observer state in the UN.

Panama – Republic of Panama UN member state None

Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea UN member state None Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[Note 4] with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.[Note 5]

Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay UN member state None

Peru – Republic of Peru UN member state None

Philippines – Republic of the Philippines UN member state None The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.[Note 5]

Poland – Republic of Poland UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Portugal – Portuguese Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, Azores and Madeira.[Note 5]

Pridnestrovie → Transnistria

Qatar – State of Qatar UN member state None

Republic of Korea → Korea, South

Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the

Romania UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Russia – Russian Federation UN member state None Russia is officially a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[Note 5] Russia also forms the Union State jointly with Belarus.

Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda UN member state None

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis UN member state None Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[Note 4] and is a federation[Note 13] of two islands, St. Kitts and Nevis.

Saint Lucia UN member state None Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines UN member state None Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Samoa – Independent State of Samoa UN member state None

San Marino – Republic of San Marino UN member state None

São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe UN member state None São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.[Note 5]

Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia UN member state None

Senegal – Republic of Senegal UN member state None

Serbia – Republic of Serbia UN member state None Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[Note 5] The latter is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo.

Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles UN member state None

Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone UN member state None

Singapore – Republic of Singapore UN member state None

Slovakia – Slovak Republic UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Solomon Islands UN member state None The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia UN member state None Somalia has two self-declared autonomous regions: Puntland and Galmudug, while the territory of Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state.

Somaliland → Somaliland

South Africa – Republic of South Africa UN member state None

South Korea → Korea, South

South Ossetia → South Ossetia

South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan UN member state None South Sudan is a federation of 28 states.

Spain – Kingdom of Spain UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 special autonomous cities.[Note 5]

Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka UN member state None Formerly known as Ceylon.

Sudan – Republic of the Sudan UN member state None Sudan is a federation of 18 states.

Sudan, South → South Sudan

Suriname – Republic of Suriname UN member state None

Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland UN member state None

Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden UN member state None Member of the EU.[a]

Switzerland – Swiss Confederation UN member state None Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.

Syria – Syrian Arab Republic UN member state None The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognized as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war.

Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: Syrian Kurdistan

Taiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan

Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan UN member state None Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[Note 5]

Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania UN member state None Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.[Note 5]

Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand UN member state None

Timor-Leste → East Timor

Togo – Togolese Republic UN member state None

Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga UN member state None

Transnistria → Transnistria

Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago UN member state None Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.[Note 5]

Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia UN member state None

Turkey – Republic of Turkey UN member state None

Turkmenistan UN member state None

Tuvalu UN member state None Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 4]

Uganda – Republic of Uganda UN member state None

Ukraine UN member state None

United Arab Emirates UN member state None The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.

United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UN member state None Member of the EU.[a] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[Note 4] consisting of four constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:

Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Anguilla

Bermuda

British Indian Ocean Territory

British Virgin Islands

Cayman Islands

Falkland Islands

Gibraltar

Montserrat

Pitcairn Islands

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Turks and Caicos Islands

British Antarctic Territory

The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:

Guernsey, with three dependencies:

Alderney

Herm

Sark

Isle of Man

Jersey

United States – United States of America UN member state None The United States is a federation of 50 states and 1 federal district. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:

American Samoa

Guam

Northern Mariana Islands

Puerto Rico

U.S. Virgin Islands

It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:

Baker Island

Howland Island

Jarvis Island

Johnston Atoll

Kingman Reef

Midway Atoll

Navassa Island

Wake Island

It also has sovereignty over the following incorporated territories:

Palmyra Atoll

Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:

Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands

Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia

Palau – Republic of Palau

It also disputes sovereignty over the following territories:

Bajo Nuevo Bank

Serranilla Bank

Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay UN member state None

Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan UN member state None Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[Note 5]

Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu UN member state None

Vatican City – Vatican City State UN observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA None Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to 183 states – 180 UN member states, one UN observer state (Palestine), the Cook Islands and the Republic of China (Taiwan).[44] The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[42] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.

Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela UN member state None Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies.

Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam UN member state None

Yemen – Republic of Yemen UN member state None

Zambia – Republic of Zambia UN member state None

Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe UN member state None

↑ UN member states and observer states ↑

↓ Other states ↓

Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia No membership Claimed by Georgia Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela,[45] Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[46] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

Cook Islands Member of eight UN specialized agencies None

(See political status) A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with 44 states. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[31] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo Member of two UN specialized agencies Claimed by Serbia Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.[47] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 111 UN member states and the Republic of China. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.

Nagorno-Karabakh – Republic of Artsakh[Note 25] No membership Claimed by Azerbaijan A de facto independent state,[48][49][50] recognised only by Abkhazia,[51] South Ossetia[51] and Transnistria.[51][52] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[53]

Niue Member of five UN specialized agencies None

(See political status) A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with 21 states. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[31] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus No membership Claimed by Cyprus Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[54]

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic No membership Claimed by Morocco Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 38 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.

Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland No membership Claimed by Somalia A de facto independent state,[48][55][56][57][58] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[59]

South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia No membership Claimed by Georgia A de facto independent state,[60] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,[45] Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Transnistria.[46] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[61]

Taiwan – Republic of China[Note 10] Former UN member (as Republic of China, 1945-1971) Observer in one UN specialized agency under the name "Chinese Taipei" Claimed by the People's Republic of China A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,[Note 26] and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[62] The Republic of China is recognised by 20 UN member states and the Holy See as of 21 December 2016. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 27] The Republic of China participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership. The Republic of China was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the security council. See China and the United Nations.

Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic No membership Claimed by Moldova A de facto independent state,[48] recognised only by Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and South Ossetia.[46] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit.[63]

↑ Other states ↑

Legend "Membership within the UN system" column

UN Member states

UN Observer states

Member of a UN Specialized Agency

Observer in a UN Specialized Agency

No membership in the UN system

Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column

Undisputed sovereignty

Sovereignty disputed

Criteria for inclusion

The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".[64]

Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:

(a) consider themselves sovereign (through a declaration of independence or some other means) and are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood, or

(b) are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member state

Note that in some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed. Unique political entities which fail to meet the classification of a sovereign state are considered proto-states.[65][66]

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 206 entities:[67][Note 28]

203 states recognised by at least one UN member state

Two states that satisfy the declarative theory of statehood and are recognised only by non-UN member states: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Transnistria

One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state: Somaliland

The table includes bullets representing entities which are either not sovereign states or have a close association to another sovereign state. It also includes subnational areas where the sovereignty of the titular state is limited by an international agreement. Taken together, these include:

States in a free association relationship to another state

Two entities controlled by Pakistan which are neither sovereign states, dependent territories, or part of another state: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan

Dependent territories of another state, as well as areas that exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories according to the dependent territory page

Subnational entities created by international agreements

See also

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Sovereign state

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Terra nullius

экзамен сущ м

Prüfungf

(тест)

Examenn

(испытание)

externe PrüfungPrüfung

Ähnliche Wörter

In Verbindung stehende Wörter

Prüfung Substantiv

Staatsexamen Die Moskauer Staatliche Lomonossow-Universität Moskau — eine der ältesten und größten klassischen Universitäten Russlands, eines der Zentren der nationalen Wissenschaft und Kultur.Die University of Oxford (engl. University of Oxford) ist eine britische Universität in Oxford, England. Eine der ältesten Universitäten in der Welt, die erste englischsprachige und auf den Britischen Inseln.Universität Cambridge — Universität in Großbritannien, eine der ältesten (die zweite nach Oxford) und größten im Land. Der offizielle Status der Universität — privilegierte gemeinnützige Institution (exempt charity).Гарвардский университет (Гарвард) (англ. Harvard University) — один из самых известных университетов США и всего мира, старейший вуз США.Harvard University (Harvard) (engl. Harvard University) — eine der berühmtesten Universitäten der USA und der ganzen Welt, die älteste Universität der USA. Australien0100 (01111...)

Словарь

учредить гл

establish, create

(создать)

institute

(устанавливать)

found

(основать)

make

(сделать)

rebuild

(перестроить)

Похожие слова

Родственные слова

народный прил

национальный · общественный · государственный · общенациональный · общегосударственный

всенародный · общенародный

простонародный

Словарь

народный прил

folk

(фольклорный)

national, public

(национальный, общественный)

popular, traditional

(общедоступный)

vernacular

(местный)

folksy, demotic

(простонародный)

vulgar

(вульгарный)

Похожие слова

мегаполис сущ

город

мегалополис

Словарь

мегаполис сущ м

megalopolis, megapolis, megacity

(город)

metropolis, metropolitan, metropolitan area

(метрополис, метрополитен, столичный регион)

cosmopolitan cityList of metro systems

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For Light Metro systems, see Medium-capacity rail transport system § List of MCS/light metro systems.

See also: List of tram and light rail transit systems

The Shanghai Metro is the longest metro system by route length.

The Beijing Subway is the metro system with the highest ridership.

The New York City Subway has the most stations.

The London Underground is the oldest metro system.

This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as subways, U-Bahns or undergrounds. As of October 2014, 157 cities[1] in 55 countries around the world host the approximately 160 metro systems that are listed here. The London Underground first opened as an "underground railway" in 1863 and[2] its first electrified underground line opened in 1890,[2] making it the world's first metro system.[3] The metro system with the longest route length is the Shanghai Metro;[1][4] the busiest one is the Beijing Subway;[5][4] and the one with the most stations is the New York City Subway.[4]

Contents

1 Considerations

2 Legend

3 List

4 Metro systems under construction

5 See also

6 Notes

7 References

8 General sources

9 External links

Considerations

The International Association of Public Transport (L'Union Internationale des Transports Publics, or UITP) defines metro systems as urban passenger transport systems, "operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic".[6][7] The terms Heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail are essentially synonymous with the term "metro".[8][9][10] Heavy rail systems are also specifically defined as an "electric railway".[8][9]

The dividing line between metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail[8][9] and commuter rail,[8][9] is not always clear, and while UITP only makes distinctions between "metros" and "light rail",[6] the U.S.'s APTA and FTA distinguish all three modes.[8][9] A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail or light rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequencies and substantially higher passenger volume capacities. Furthermore, most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead line.

The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data. Certain transit networks match the technical level and service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are sometimes known as S-Bahn, suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included in this list. Neither are funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.

This list counts metros separately when multiple metros in one city or metropolitan area have separate owners or operating companies. This list expressly does not aim at representing the size and scope of the total rapid transit network of a certain city or metropolitan area. The data of this list should not be used to infer the size of a city's, region's, or country's rapid transit systems, or to establish a ranking. Doing so would in many cases lead to a gross misrepresentation.

Legend

The locations of all the world's metro systems

Countries with metro systems

City

Primary city served by the metro system.

Country

Sovereign state in which the metro system is located.

Name

The most common English name of the metro system (and the connecting article for that system).

Year opened

The year the metro system was opened for commercial service at metro standards. In other words, parts of the system may be older, but as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network, so the year that the system obtained metro standards (e.g. electrified) is the one listed.

Year of last expansion

The last time the metro system was expanded in terms of the system length or number of stations.

Stations

The number of stations in the metro network, as quoted by the system's operating company.

System length

The system length of a metro network is the sum of the lengths of all routes in the rail network in kilometers (or miles). Each route is counted only once, regardless of how many lines pass over it, and regardless of whether it is single-track or multi-track, single carriageway or dual carriageway.

Ridership

The number of unique journeys on the metro system every year. There is a major discrepancy between the ridership figures: some metro systems count transferring between lines as multiple journeys, but others do not.

List

Contents :

Top A B C D E F G H I J K M N O R S T V

This list is sortable. Click on the Sort both.gif icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.

City Country Name Year

opened Year of last

expansion Stations System length Ridership

(millions)

Algiers Algeria Algiers Metro 2011[11] 2015[11] 14[12] 13.5 km (8.4 mi)[12] 16 (2014)[R 1]

Buenos Aires Argentina Buenos Aires Underground 1913 2015[Nb 1] 85[13] 53.9 km (33.5 mi)[13] 242 (2014)[R 2][R 3][R 4][R Nb 1]

Yerevan Armenia Yerevan Metro 1981[14] 1996[15] 10[14] 13.4 km (8.3 mi)[14] 15.8 (2015)[R 5]

Vienna Austria Vienna U-Bahn 1976[16] 2013[16] 104[16] 78.5 km (48.8 mi)[16] 439.8 (2014)[R 6]

Baku Azerbaijan Baku Metro 1967[17] 2016[Nb 2] 25[17] 36.7 km (22.8 mi)[17] 222.0 (2015)[R 5]

Minsk Belarus Minsk Metro 1984[18] 2014[18][Nb 3] 29[19] 37.3 km (23.2 mi)[R 7] 305.3 (2015)[R 5][R 7]

Brussels Belgium Brussels Metro 1976[20] 2009[Nb 4] 59[Nb 5] 39.9 km (24.8 mi)[21] 133.4 (2014)[R 8]

Belo Horizonte Brazil Belo Horizonte Metro 1986[22] 2002[22] 19[23] 28.1 km (17.5 mi)[24] 64.4 (2014)[R 9]

Brasília Brazil Brasília Metro 2001[25] 2010[25] 24[26] 42.4 km (26.3 mi)[26] 54.75 (2013)[R 10]

Porto Alegre Brazil Porto Alegre Metro 1985 2013[Nb 6] 22 43.4 km (27.0 mi) 58.8 (2014)[R 11]

Recife Brazil Recife Metro 1985[27] 2009[27] 28[28] 39.5 km (24.5 mi)[28] 110.2 (2014)[R 9]

Rio de Janeiro Brazil Rio de Janeiro Metro 1979[29] 2016[30] 41[31] 58 km (36 mi)[31] 228.2 (2014)[R 12]

Salvador Brazil Salvador Metro 2014[32] 2015[33] 8 11.9 km (7.4 mi)[33] 13 (2015)[R 13]

São Paulo Brazil São Paulo Metro 1974[34] 2014[35][Nb 7] 67[34] 77.4 km (48.1 mi)[R 14] 1316 (2015)[R 14][R Nb 2]

Sofia Bulgaria Sofia Metro 1998[36] 2016[37] 35[37] 40 km (25 mi)[37] 164.3 (2013)[R 15]

Montreal Canada Montreal Metro 1966 2007[Nb 8] 68[38] 69.2 km (43.0 mi) 354.0 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Toronto Canada Toronto subway[39] 1954[40] 2002[40][Nb 9] 69[40] 68.3 km (42.4 mi)[40] 302.8 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3][R Nb 4]

Vancouver Canada SkyTrain 1985[41] 2016[Nb 10] 53[42] 79.5 km (49.4 mi)[42] 137.4 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Santiago Chile Santiago Metro 1975[43] 2011 108[44] 103 km (64 mi)[44] 667.6 (2014)[R 17]

Beijing China Beijing Subway[45][46] 1971[Nb 11] 2016[47] 334[Nb 12] 574 km (357 mi)[47] 3660 (2016)[R 18]

Changsha China Changsha Metro 2014[49] 2016[50] 43[50] 50.2 km (31.2 mi)[50] 159 (2016)[R 19]

Chengdu China Chengdu Metro 2010 2016[51] 87 108.2 km (67.2 mi) 562 (2016)[R 20]

Chongqing China Chongqing Rail Transit 2005 2016[52] 126 213 km (132 mi)[52] 689.7 (2016)[R 21]

Dalian China Dalian Metro[53] 2003 2015[53] 56 141 km (88 mi) 103.8 (2014)[R 22]

Dongguan China Dongguan Metro 2016[54] – 15 37.8 km (23.5 mi) n/a

Foshan China FMetro[Nb 13] 2010 2015 18 27.7 km (17.2 mi) n/a[R Nb 5]

Fuzhou China Fuzhou Metro 2016[55] 2017[56] 21 24.89 km (15.47 mi) n/a

Guangzhou China Guangzhou Metro 1997 2016[57] 184[58][Nb 14] 308.7 km (191.8 mi)[59] 2568 (2016)[R 23]

Hangzhou China Hangzhou Metro[60] 2012 2015[61][Nb 15] 57 81.5 km (50.6 mi) 269 (2016)[R 24]

Harbin China Harbin Metro 2013[62][63] 2017 18[62][63] 17.5 km (10.9 mi)[62][63] n/a

Hefei China Hefei Metro 2016[64] – 23 24.6 km (15.3 mi) n/a

Hong Kong China MTR 1979[Nb 16] 2016[Nb 17] 93[65] 174.7 km (108.6 mi)[66] 1716 (2016)[R 24][R 25][R Nb 6]

Kunming China Kunming Rail Transit 2012 2016[67][Nb 18] 38 63.8 km (39.6 mi) 196 (2016)[R 24]

Nanchang China Nanchang Metro 2015 – 24 28.7 km (17.8 mi) 80 (2016)[R 26]

Nanjing China Nanjing Metro[68] 2005 2017[68][Nb 19] 139 260.50 km (161.87 mi) 832 (2016)[R 27]

Nanning China Nanning Metro[69] 2016[70] – 25 32.1 km (19.9 mi)[70] n/a

Ningbo China Ningbo Rail Transit[71] 2014 2016[71] 51 74.5 km (46.3 mi) 140 (2016)[R 28]

Qingdao China Qingdao Metro 2015[72] 2016[73] 22[73] 24.8 km (15.4 mi)[74] n/a

Shanghai China Shanghai Metro[Nb 20] 1993 2016[75] 364[Nb 21] 588 km (365 mi)[76] 3401 (2016)[R 29]

Shenyang China Shenyang Metro 2010 2013[77] 43 55.1 km (34.2 mi) 299 (2016)[R 30]

Shenzhen China Shenzhen Metro 2004 2016[78] 199 286.2 km (177.8 mi) 1297 (2016)[R 31]

Suzhou China Suzhou Rail Transit 2012 2017[79] 97 121 km (75 mi) 150 (2016)[R 32]

Tianjin China Tianjin Metro 1984 2016[80] 104 166 km (103 mi)[80] 277 (2016)[R 33]

Wuhan China Wuhan Metro 2004 2016[81] 130 184.3 km (114.5 mi) 712 (2016)[R 34]

Wuxi China Wuxi Metro 2014[82] 2014[83] 45 56 km (34.8 mi)[82][83] 83 (2016)[R 35]

Xi'an China Xi'an Metro 2011 2016[84] 66 90 km (56 mi) 408 (2016)[R 36]

Zhengzhou China Zhengzhou Metro 2013[85] 2017[86] 61 93.6 km (58.2 mi)[86] 213 (2016)[R 37]

Medellín Colombia Medellín Metro 1995[87] 2012[Nb 22] 27[87] 31.3 km (19.4 mi)[87] 183.35 (2014)[R 38][R 39][R 40][R 41]

Prague Czech Republic Prague Metro 1974[88] 2015[Nb 23] 61[89] 65.2 km (40.5 mi)[89] 456.8 (2015)[R 42]

Copenhagen Denmark Copenhagen Metro 2002 2007 22[90] 20.4 km (12.7 mi)[90] 56 (2014)[R 43]

Santo Domingo Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Metro 2009 2013[91] 30[91][92] 27.4 km (17.0 mi)[91][92] 66.2 (2015)[R 44]

Cairo Egypt Cairo Metro[93] 1987 2014[Nb 24] 61 77.9 km (48.4 mi) 1314 (2015)[R 45][R Nb 7]

Helsinki Finland Helsinki Metro 1982[94] 2007[94] 17[95] 21.1 km (13.1 mi)[96] 62 (2014)[R 46]

Lille France Lille Metro 1983[97] 2000[97] 60[98] 45 km (28 mi)[98] 105 (2013)[R 47][R 48]

Lyon France Lyon Metro 1978[99] 2013[Nb 25] 40[99] 32 km (20 mi)[99] 197.9 (2013)[R 47]

Marseille France Marseille Metro 1977 2010 28[100] 21.5 km (13.4 mi)[100] 79.8 (2013)[R 47][R 49]

Paris France Paris Métro 1900[101] 2013 302[102] 214 km (133 mi)[101] 1526 (2014)[R 50][R Nb 8]

Rennes France Rennes Metro 2002 – 15 9.4 km (5.8 mi) 29 (2013)[R 47][R 51]

Toulouse France Toulouse Metro 1993[103] 2007[103][Nb 26] 37[103] 28.2 km (17.5 mi)[103] 110.7 (2013)[R 47][R 52]

Tbilisi Georgia Tbilisi Metro 1966[104] 2000[105] 22[106] 27.1 km (16.8 mi)[106] 102.9 (2015)[R 5]

Berlin Germany Berlin U-Bahn 1902 2009 173[107] 151.7 km (94.3 mi)[108] 517.4 (2014)[R 53]

Hamburg Germany Hamburg U-Bahn 1912[109] 2012[Nb 27] 91[110] 104 km (65 mi)[110] 219.3 (2014)[R 54][R 55]

Munich Germany Munich U-Bahn 1971[111] 2010[Nb 28] 96[111][Nb 29] 95 km (59 mi)[111] 390 (2014)[R 56]

Nuremberg Germany Nuremberg U-Bahn 1972 2011[Nb 30] 46[112] 35 km (22 mi)[112] 130.2 (2014)[R 57]

Athens Greece Athens Metro[Nb 31] 1904[113][Nb 32] 2013[Nb 33] 61 84.7 km (52.6 mi)[114] 493.8 (2013)[R 58]

Budapest Hungary Budapest Metro 1896 2014[115] 52 38.2 km (23.7 mi)[115][116] 302.4 (2011)[R 59]

Bangalore India Namma Metro 2011 2016[Nb 34] 30[117] 31.5 km (19.6 mi)[118] 63.8 (2017)[R 60][R 61][R 62]

Chennai India Chennai Metro 2015[119] 2017[120] 20 27.88 km (17.32 mi)[119] 9 (2015)[R 63][R Nb 9]

Delhi India Delhi Metro 2002[121] 2016[122] 160[123][Nb 35] 213 km (132 mi)[123] 1001 (2017*)[R 64]

Jaipur India Jaipur Metro 2015[124] 2015[125] 9[126] 9.6 km (6.0 mi)[127] 9.5 (2015/2016)[R 65]

Gurgaon India Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon 2013 2017 11 11.7 km (7.3 mi) 12 (2014)[R 66]

Kolkata India Kolkata Metro 1984 2013 24 28.1 km (17.5 mi) 237.25 (2013)[R 67]

Mumbai India Mumbai Metro 2014 2014 12[128] 11.4 km (7.1 mi)[128] 100 (2014)[R 68][R Nb 10]

Isfahan Iran Isfahan Metro 2015[129] – 10 11.2 km (7.0 mi)[130] n/a

Mashhad Iran Mashhad Urban Railway 2011[131] 2016 24 24 km (15 mi) n/a

Shiraz Iran Shiraz Metro 2014[132] 2015[Nb 36] 8[132] 10.5 km (6.5 mi)[132] n/a

Tabriz Iran Tabriz Metro 2015[133] – 6 7 km (4.3 mi) n/a

Tehran Iran Tehran Metro[Nb 37] 1999[Nb 38] 2016[134][Nb 39] 93 135 km (84 mi) 670 (2015*)[R 69]

Brescia Italy Brescia Metro 2013[135] – 17[136] 13.7 km (8.5 mi)[136] 17 (2016)[R 70]

Catania Italy Catania Metro 1999[137] 2017[138] 10[139] 8.8 km (5.5 mi) 0.5 (2013)[R 71]

Genoa Italy Genoa Metro 1990[140] 2012[140] 8[140] 7.1 km (4.4 mi)[140] 11 (2012)[R 72]

Milan Italy Milan Metro[141] 1964[141] 2015[141] 113[141] 101 km (63 mi)[141] 468.3 (2014)[R 73]

Naples Italy Naples Metro[Nb 40] 1993 2013 22 20.2 km (12.6 mi)[142] 46 (2013)[R 74][R Nb 11]

Rome Italy Rome Metro 1955 2015[Nb 41] 73[143][144] 60 km (37 mi)[143][144] 279 (2012)[R 75]

Turin Italy Turin Metro 2006[145] 2011[145] 21[145] 13.2 km (8.2 mi)[145] 35.4 (2014)[R 76]

Fukuoka Japan[Nb 42] Fukuoka City Subway 1981 2005 35 29.8 km (18.5 mi) 137.2 (2012*)[R 77][R Nb 12]

Hiroshima Japan[Nb 42] Astram Line 1994 2015[146][Nb 43] 21 18.4 km (11.4 mi) 18.5 (2010)[R 78]

Kobe Japan[Nb 42] Kōbe Rapid Transit Railway 1968 2001 10 7.6 km (4.7 mi) 121 (2008)[R 79][R Nb 12]

Kobe Municipal Subway 1977 2001 25 30.6 km (19.0 mi) 121 (2008)[R 79][R Nb 12]

Kyoto Japan[Nb 42] Kyoto Municipal Subway 1981 2008 31 31.2 km (19.4 mi) 125.5 (2008)[R 80][R Nb 12]

Nagoya Japan[Nb 42] Nagoya Municipal Subway 1957 2011 87[147] 93.3 km (58.0 mi)[147] 443.4 (2012*)[R 81][R Nb 12]

Osaka Japan[Nb 42] Osaka Municipal Subway 1933 2006 123[148] 129.9 km (80.7 mi)[148] 940 (2014*)[R 82][R Nb 12]

Sapporo Japan[Nb 42] Sapporo Municipal Subway 1971 1999 46 48 km (30 mi) 210 (2008)[R 83][R Nb 12]

Sendai Japan[Nb 42] Sendai Subway 1987 2015[149][Nb 44] 29 28.7 km (17.8 mi) 58.7 (2012*)[R 84][R Nb 12]

Tokyo Japan[Nb 42] Toei Subway 1960 2000 106[150] 109 km (68 mi)[150] 914 (2014*)[R 85][R Nb 12]

Rinkai Line 1996 2002 8 12.2 km (7.6 mi) 72 (2011*)[R 86][R Nb 12]

Tokyo Metro 1927 2008 179[151] 195.1 km (121.2 mi)[151] 2497 (2014)[R 87][R Nb 12]

Yokohama Japan[Nb 42] Yokohama Municipal Subway 1972 2008 40 53.4 km (33.2 mi) 234.7 (2013)[R 88][R Nb 12]

Minatomirai Line 2004 2008 6 4.1 km (2.5 mi) 161 (2012*)[R 89][R Nb 12]

Almaty Kazakhstan Almaty Metro 2011[152] 2015[152] 9 11.3 km (7.0 mi)[152] 6.9 (2015)[R 5][R 90]

Pyongyang North Korea Pyongyang Metro 1973 1987[Nb 45] 17 22 km (14 mi) 36 (2009)[R 91]

Busan South Korea Busan Metro 1985 2017[Nb 46] 149 168.4 km (104.6 mi) 325 (2014)[R 92][R 93][R 94]

Daegu South Korea Daegu Metro 1997 2015[Nb 47] 58[153] 81.2 km (50.5 mi)[153] 133.9 (2014)[R 95][R 94]

Daejeon South Korea Daejeon Metro 2006 2007[Nb 48] 22 22.7 km (14.1 mi) 42 (2014)[R 94]

Gwangju South Korea Gwangju Metro 2004 2008[Nb 49] 20 20.1 km (12.5 mi) 18 (2014)[R 94]

Incheon South Korea Incheon Subway 1999 2009 29[154] 29.4 km (18.3 mi)[154] 73 (2014)[R 96][R 94]

Seoul South Korea Seoul Subway (Lines 1-9)[Nb 50][Nb 51] 1974[155] 2015[Nb 52] 256 331.5 km (206.0 mi)[citation needed] 2620 (2013)[R 97][R Nb 13][R Nb 14]

Korail metro lines[156][Nb 53][Nb 51] 1994 2013 75 124.6 km (77.4 mi) n/a

Shinbundang Line[Nb 51] (NeoTrans) 2011 2016 12 31 km (19 mi) n/a

Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Rapid KL[Nb 54] 1996 2016[157] 86[158] 114.5 km (71.1 mi) 145 (2015)[R 98]

Mexico City Mexico Mexico City Metro 1969[159] 2012[Nb 55] 195[Nb 56] 226.5 km (140.7 mi)[160] 1624 (2015)[R 99]

Monterrey Mexico Monterrey Metro 1991[161] 2008[161] 31[162] 32 km (20 mi)[163] 175.1 (2014)[R 100]

Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Metro[Nb 57] 1977 2005 33[164] 31.4 km (19.5 mi)[165] 59.5 (2013)[R 101]

Rotterdam Netherlands Rotterdam Metro[Nb 58] 1968 2010 62 78.3 km (48.7 mi) 86 (2015)[R 102]

Oslo Norway Oslo Metro[Nb 59] 1966[Nb 60] 2006[Nb 61] 101 86 km (53 mi)[166] 88 (2014)[R 103]

Panama City Panama Panama Metro 2014 2015[Nb 62] 12[167] 13.7 km (8.5 mi)[168] 43.2 (2014)[R 104]

Lima Peru Lima Metro 2011 2014[169] 26 34.6 km (21.5 mi)[169] 91 (2013)[R 105]

Manila Philippines Manila Light Rail Transit System 1984[170] 2010[170] 31[171] 33.4 km (20.8 mi)[170][172] 243.6 (2014)[R 106]

Manila Metro Rail Transit System 1999 2000 13 16.9 km (10.5 mi)[173] 158.8 (2011)[R 107][R Nb 14]

Warsaw Poland Warsaw Metro 1995 2015[174] 27 29 km (18 mi)[R 108] 147.7 (2014)[R 108]

Lisbon Portugal Lisbon Metro 1959[175] 2016[176] 56[176] 44.1 km (27.4 mi)[176] 153.2 (2016)[R 109]

Bucharest Romania Bucharest Metro 1979[177] 2017[177][Nb 63] 53[178] 71.4 km (44.4 mi)[178] 173.5 (2014)[R 110]

Kazan Russia Kazan Metro[179] 2005 2013[180] 10[181] 15.8 km (9.8 mi)[181] 29.4 (2015)[R 5]

Moscow Russia Moscow Metro[182][183] 1935 2017 206[183] 346.1 km (215.1 mi)[183][not in citation given] 2384.5 (2015)[R 5][R 111]

Nizhny Novgorod Russia Nizhny Novgorod Metro 1985 2012[184] 14[181] 18.8 km (11.7 mi)[181] 37.2 (2015)[R 5]

Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk Metro 1986 2010[185] 13[181] 15.9 km (9.9 mi)[181] 80.7 (2015)[R 5][R 112]

Saint Petersburg Russia Saint Petersburg Metro 1955 2012[186] 67[181] 113.2 km (70.3 mi)[181] 741.8 (2015)[R 5]

Samara Russia Samara Metro 1987[187] 2015[188] 10[188] 12.7 km (7.9 mi)[187][188] 16.3 (2015)[R 5]

Yekaterinburg Russia Yekaterinburg Metro 1991 2012[189] 9[181] 12.7 km (7.9 mi)[181] 49.9 (2015)[R 5]

Mecca Saudi Arabia Mecca Metro 2010 – 9 18.1 km (11.2 mi) 4 (2011)[R 113][R Nb 15]

Singapore Singapore Mass Rapid Transit[190] 1987 2015[Nb 64] 121 170.7 km (106.1 mi) 1008 (2014)[R 114]

Barcelona Spain Barcelona Metro[Nb 65] 1924 2016 180[191] 146 km (91 mi) 416.2 (2014)[R 115][R Nb 16]

Bilbao Spain Metro Bilbao 1995 2017[192] 48[192][193] 49.2 km (30.6 mi)[193] 87.4 (2014)[R 116][R 115]

Madrid Spain Madrid Metro[Nb 66] 1919[194] 2015[195] 301[195] 294 km (183 mi)[195][196] 569.7 (2015)[R 117][R 115]

Stockholm Sweden Stockholm Metro 1950 1994[Nb 67] 100[197] 105.7 km (65.7 mi) 330 (2015)[R 118]

Lausanne Switzerland Lausanne Metro[Nb 68] 2008 2008 14 5.9 km (3.7 mi)[R 119] 28 (2014) [R 119][R Nb 17]

Kaohsiung Taiwan Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit 2008 2012 37[198] 42.7 km (26.5 mi)[198] 63.1 (2016)[R 120]

Taipei Taiwan Taipei Metro 1996 2015 117[199] 131.1 km (81.5 mi)[199] 740 (2016)[R 121]

Taoyuan Taiwan Taoyuan Metro 2017 2017 22[200] 53.1 km (33.0 mi) n/a

Bangkok Thailand BTS Skytrain 1999[201] 2013[201] 34[202] 36.5 km (22.7 mi)[202] 218.7 (2014*)[R 122]

Metropolitan Rapid Transit 2004 2016[203] 34[203][204] 43 km (27 mi)[203][204] 92.4 (2014)[R 123]

Adana Turkey Adana Metro 2009 2010 13[205] 13.9 km (8.6 mi)[205] 14 (2011)[R 124]

Ankara Turkey Ankara Metro 1997 2017[206][Nb 69] 54[207] 65 km (40 mi)[206][207] 104.1 (2013)[R 125]

Bursa Turkey Bursaray 2002 2014[Nb 70] 38[208] 38.9 km (24.2 mi)[208] 91.3 (2010)[R 126]

Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Metro[Nb 71] 1989[209] 2016[210][Nb 72] 73[209] 145 km (90 mi)[209] 384.9 (2015)[R 127]

İzmir Turkey İzmir Metro 2000 2014[211][Nb 73] 17[211] 20 km (12 mi)[211] 91.3 (2013)[R 128]

Dnipropetrovsk Ukraine Dnipro Metro 1995 – 6[212] 7.1 km (4.4 mi)[212] 7.5 (2015)[R 5]

Kharkiv Ukraine Kharkiv Metro 1975 2016 30[212] 38.1 km (23.7 mi)[212] 231.1 (2015)[R 5][R 129]

Kiev Ukraine Kiev Metro 1960 2013 52[212] 67.6 km (42.0 mi)[212] 485.7 (2015)[R 5][R 130]

Dubai United Arab Emirates Dubai Metro 2009 2012[Nb 74] 47 74.6 km (46.4 mi) 164.3 (2014)[R 131]

Glasgow UK Glasgow Subway 1896[213] – 15[213] 10.4 km (6.5 mi)[213] 12.8 (2013*)[R 132]

London UK London Underground[214] 1890[2][Nb 75] 2008[2] 270[215] 402 km (250 mi)[215] 1340 (2015*)[R 133][R Nb 18]

Docklands Light Railway 1987[216] 2011 45[216] 34 km (21 mi) 117 (2015*)[R 133]

Atlanta USA MARTA 1979[217] 2000[217] 38[218] 77 km (48 mi)[218] 68.7 (2017)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Baltimore USA Baltimore Metro Subway 1983 1995 14[219] 24.9 km (15.5 mi)[219] 11.2 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Boston USA MBTA Subway[Nb 76] 1901[220] 2014[221] 51[222] 61 km (38 mi)[222] 172.1 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Chicago USA Chicago 'L' 1897[223][Nb 77] 2015[224][Nb 78] 145[R 134] 165.4 km (102.8 mi)[225][Nb 79] 238.6 (2016)[R 135]

Cleveland USA RTA Rapid Transit: Red Line 1955[226] 1968[226] 18[227] 31 km (19 mi)[227] 6.4 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Los Angeles USA Metro Rail[Nb 80] 1993[228] 2000[228][Nb 81] 16[228][Nb 80] 28.0 km (17.4 mi)[228] 45.8 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3][R Nb 19]

Miami USA Metrorail 1984[229] 2012 23[230] 40.1 km (24.9 mi)[230] 21.1 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

New York City USA New York City Subway 1904[231][Nb 82] 2017[232] 472[Nb 83] 380.2 km (236.2 mi)[233] 1763 (2015)[R 136]

Staten Island Railway 1925[Nb 84] 2017[234] 21[231][235] 22.5 km (14.0 mi)[233] 7.2 (2014)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Port Authority Trans-Hudson 1908[236] 1911[Nb 85] 13[237] 22.2 km (13.8 mi)[238] 78.5 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Philadelphia USA SEPTA[239][Nb 86] 1907 1973 75[239] 59.1 km (36.7 mi)[240][241] 94.2 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

PATCO Speedline 1936[242][Nb 87] 1969 13[242] 22.9 km (14.2 mi)[242] 10.7 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

San Francisco USA Bay Area Rapid Transit 1972[243] 2017 45[243][Nb 88] 167 km (104 mi)[243] 135.2 (2016)[R 16][R Nb 3]

San Juan,

Puerto Rico USA Tren Urbano 2004 2005 16 17.2 km (10.7 mi) 10.1 (2014)[R 16][R Nb 3]

Washington, D.C. USA Washington Metro 1976[244] 2014[245] 91[244] 188 km (117 mi)[244] 234.2 (2016)[R 137]

Tashkent Uzbekistan Tashkent Metro 1977 2001[Nb 89] 29[212] 36.2 km (22.5 mi)[212] 52.2 (2015)[R 5]

Caracas Venezuela Caracas Metro[Nb 90] 1983[246] 2015[Nb 91] 49[247] 63.6 km (39.5 mi)[246] 495 (2014)[R 138]

Table notes

^* Indicates ridership figures based on the fiscal year rather than the calendar year.

Metro systems under construction

The following is a list of new worldwide metro systems that are currently actively under (heavy) construction. Note that in some cases it is not clear (mainly due to lack of information), if the system will be considered a full metro system once it begins operational service. Only cities which currently do not have metro systems in operation should be included.

Location Country Name Start of construction Planned opening

Sydney Australia Sydney Metro[UC 1][UC 2][UC 3] 2014[UC 2][UC 4] 2019[UC 2][UC 3][UC 5][UC 6]

Dhaka Bangladesh Dhaka Metro 2016[248] 2019[249]

Changchun China Changchun Rail Transit 2011 2017

Changzhou China Changzhou Metro[UC 7] 2014[UC 7] 2019[UC 7]

Guiyang China Guiyang Urban Rail Transit 2013 2017

Hohhot China Hohhot Metro 2015 2020

Jinan China Jinan Metro 2013 2018

Jinhua China Jinhua Metro[UC 8] 2016[UC 8] 2020[UC 8]

Lanzhou China Lanzhou Metro[UC 9] 2014[UC 9] 2017[UC 9]

Luoyang China Luoyang Metro[UC 10] 2016[UC 10] 2020[UC 10]

Macau China Macau Light Rail Transit 2012 2019

Shijiazhuang China Shijiazhuang Metro 2012 2017

Taiyuan China Taiyuan Metro[UC 11] 2013[UC 11] 2018[UC 11]

Xiamen China Xiamen Metro[UC 12] 2013[UC 12] 2017[UC 12]

Xuzhou China Xuzhou Metro[UC 13][UC 14] 2014[UC 13] 2017[UC 13]

Ürümqi China Ürümqi Metro[UC 15] 2014[UC 15] 2019[UC 15]

Wenzhou China Wenzhou Metro[UC 16] 2013[UC 16] 2017[UC 16]

Quito Ecuador Quito Metro[UC 17] 2012[UC 17][UC 18] 2019[UC 19]

Thessaloniki Greece Thessaloniki Metro 2006[UC 20] 2020[UC 21]

Gandhinagar

Ahmedabad India Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad 2015[UC 22] 2018[UC 22]

Chandigarh India Chandigarh Metro[UC 23] 2015 2018

National Capital Region India National Capital Region Metro[250] 2017 2025

Vijayawada India Vijayawada Metro Rail 2017 2020

Kanpur India Kanpur Metro 2017 2021

Pune India Pune Metro 2017 2021

Hyderabad India Hyderabad Metro Rail[UC 24] 2012[UC 24] 2017[UC 25]

Kochi India Kochi Metro[UC 26] 2013[UC Nb 1] 2017[UC 26]

Lucknow India Lucknow Metro 2014[UC 30][UC 31] 2017

Navi Mumbai India Navi Mumbai Metro[UC 32] 2011 2018[UC 32]

Nagpur India Nagpur Metro[UC 33] 2015[UC 33] 2018

Noida

Greater Noida India Noida-Greater Noida Metro[UC 34] 2015[UC 34] 2017

Jakarta Indonesia Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit[UC 35][UC 36] 2013[UC 35][UC 36] March 2019[251]

Jakarta Indonesia Jakarta Light Rail Transit[252] 2015[253] 2018[254]

Palembang Indonesia Palembang Light Rail Transit[255] 2015 2018

Bandung Indonesia Bandung LRT Metro Capsule[256] 2017[257] 2019

Ahvaz Iran Ahvaz Metro (fa) 2004 2017

Karaj Iran Karaj Metro (fa) 2006[UC 37] 2017[UC 38]

Kermanshah Iran Kermanshah Metro (fa) 2011 2022[UC 39]

Qom Iran Qom Metro (fa)[UC 40] 2009 2017[UC 40]

Lagos Nigeria Lagos Rail Mass Transit 2009 2017

Lahore Pakistan Lahore Metro 2015[UC 41] 2017

Doha Qatar Doha Metro[UC 42] 2012[UC 42] 2019[UC 42]

Riyadh Saudi Arabia Riyadh Metro[UC 43] 2014[UC 43] 2019[UC 43]

Taichung Taiwan Taichung Mass Rail Transit System[UC 44][UC 45] 2009[UC 44] 2017[UC 44][UC 45]

Honolulu USA Honolulu Rail Transit 2012 2020

Hanoi Vietnam Hanoi Metro[UC 46][UC 47] 2010[UC 46] 2018[UC 46][UC 47]

Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Metro[UC 48][UC 47] 2010[UC 48] 2020[UC 48]

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